ICT NOTES

3- ICT IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS : MODELLING & SIMULATION -( CH-3 SSC ICT)








Q.1 Fill in the blanks.
(1) ICT is used as tool that supplements traditional teaching and learning of science and mathematics. things
(2) Modeling is a virtual version of something in real world.
(3) A computer simulation is the technique of representing the real world by a computer program.
Q.2 Select True or False
(1) The nature of mathematics has changed considerably because of availability of ICT. True
(2) ICT tools do not help students to manipulate diagrams dynamically. False
(3) We can collect the information process them and make the prediction of certain  things.True
(4) Simulation is not flexible.False
Q.3 Multiple choice question (Single correct answer)
1) Simulation creates Artificial model of a system.
2) A computer modeling is the representation on three dimensional objects on computer.
Q.4 Multiple questions (Two correct answers)
1) 21th century has created new global economy which powered  Technology ,Fuels by  Information  and driven by knowledge.
2) Modeling and  Simulation  are often used Interchangeably and difference between them is trivial.
3) A computer model refers to the Algorithm  and Equations used to capture behavior of the system being modulated.
Q.5 Answer the question in short.
(1) Write the benefits of ICT in Science and Mathematics.
Ans. Interactive multimedia software’s make science and mathematics more intresting.ICT provides opportunities for collaborating with peers, professionals and scientists.ICT provides project based learning. It provides different ways of managing data and graph.ICT reduces the mathematical aspect of practical work, feeling the students to concentrate on interpreting and analyzing data.
(2) Define modeling and simulation.
Ans. Modeling- A modeling is a computer program that attempts to display a real life system. Or it is a virtual version of something in the real world. Modeling represents three dimension objects. Eg:  Car model
Simulation- It is a special type of computer software to create artificial model of a system. It offers hands on activities that feel like the real experience. Eg : Flight simulation.
(3) Explain the difference between modeling and simulation.
Ans. These two terms usually means, about the same thing. Computer modeling is the part of the computer simulation, in which digital model of an object is built which is designed to work like the real thing. The computer can then use this model to simulate various different conditions which the real object may have to deal with.
(4) Explain the benefit of modeling and simulation.
Ans. Modeling is cost effective. It is time saving if there are large number of participants. Modeling can be used at any time. It can be tested for number of time. Modeling increases the efficiency of the user. Modeling is fast and easy to use. It is multifaceted, flexible and dynamic.
Q.6 Answer the following questions.
(1) Write a short note on role of ICT in science with examples.
Ans. Collection of scientific data.-  ICT tools are used to record and store measurement electronically. Eg: Computer controlled microscopes and instruments, digital video recording are used to record and store measurements/
Visual presentation – Facilitate better understanding of concepts and process. Instant feed back provided by spreadsheet enables learners to see the effect of changing values. Eg:using spreadsheet and  Graph tools for data handling and analysis, data can be presented in more visual and clear form.
 Modeling and simulations for demonstration and prediction- Animation enables teachers to demonstrate experiments and environments that would not otherwise be possible. Simulations  eliminate experimental errors and increase visual impact. Eg : Planetary system.
Interactive education and information resource. -  Models are simulated and explore a wide variety of physical phenomena. Eg : Simulation videos from internet.
(2) Write a short note on role of ICT in mathematics with examples.
Ans. Graphical User Interface – It encourage the learners to explore, make mistakes, see the consequences of their decision and rectify.
Observing Patterns- The ICT enables students to look at sufficient cases of mathematical problems by changing values, observe patterns from the invariance and covariance in the result.
 Observing links and connections-  A computer enables to readily link an equation, a table of numbers and graph. The  student realize they are  different representation of same thing. Eg; Geogebra can graph directly from two equation.
Manipulating Diagrams or  graphs dynamically- Using ICT tools helps students to develop the capability  to visualize and generate their own mental image.Eg: Geogebra.
(3) What is modeling? Explain with suitable examples.
Ans- Modeling is a virtual representation of real world systems in the language of mathematical equations. Modeling aim to describe the different aspects of the real  systems and their interaction through mathematics. Mathematical equations of a model are translated into computer algorithms the can be treated  and solved by ever powerful computers.
Uses
Model are used to quickly explore new solutions and innovations, that can save time and money in the development and validation phases.
For weather prediction, mathematical model of atmospheric motions are based on well know equations and phenomena.



(4) What is simulation?  Explain with suitable examples.
Ans. Simulation is the process of designing a mathematical model of a real or imagined system and conducting experiments with model. It generally refers to a computerized version of model which is run over time to study the implications of the defined interactions. A simulation bring a model to life and shows how a particular object or phenomenon is likely to behave. Simulation proves to be cheaper, safer and faster in all fields of engineering, applied science, medicine, biology, economics and applied mathematics.
Uses
 Simulation  techniques are used in the designing new efficient systems. Eg: Car engines, complex air routing plan.
Training simulations thoroughly prepare trainee to react to various situations until the correct response are learned. Eg : Flight simulator or ship simulator model dangerous environments and life threatening situations, so that aircraft pilots or a ship officers are well experienced about an aircraft or ship behavior.
Simulation techniques are used to create computer games for entertainment.

ECONOMICS

LS NO 1  INTRODUCTION TO AN ECONOMY 

Algebra

                              LS NO 1 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

An arithmetic progression (AP) or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that the difference between the consecutive terms is constant. For instance, sequence 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 … is an arithmetic progression with common difference of 2. Each of the numbers in the list is called a term.

Real life applications

1. If you put 10 Rs every day on your piggy bank, you want to know the money after some x days
2. If salary of a person is Rs 5000 & it increase by 1000 Rs every year, what will be salary after x years?
3. The lengths of the rungs of a ladder decrease uniformly by 3 cm from bottom to top. If the bottom rung is 50 cm in length, how to find length of any rung?

An arithmetic progression is a list of numbers in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed number to the preceding term. E.g.: 2,4,6,8,10 …. This fixed number is called the common difference of the AP. This common difference can be positive, negative or zero

Positive common difference (3): 1,4,7,10,13..

Negative common difference (-1) : 7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0,-1 …

Zero Common Difference : 3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3….

Let us denote the first term of an AP by a1, second term by a2, . . ., nth term by an and the common difference by d. Then the AP becomes a1, a2, a3, . . ., an.

So, a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = . . . = an – an – 1 = d.

Thus a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, . . . represents an arithmetic progression where a is the first term and d the common difference. This is called the general form of an AP.

AP with a finite number of terms are called a finite AP E.g.: {1,3,5,7}, while AP with infinite number of terms is called infinite AP, E.g.:{1,3,5,7,…}.

To know about an AP, the minimum information that we need is

1. First term, denoted by ‘a’
2. Common difference, denoted by ‘d’

With this we can form the AP as a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, ……

For instance if the first term a is 5 and the common difference d is 2, then the AP is 5, 7,9, 11, . . .

Also, given a list, we can tell if it is AP or not.

List 2,4,6,8,10… here 4-2 = 6-4 = 8-6 = 10-8 =2, thus it is AP with common difference 2

List 1,3,4,6,7, here 3-1 ≠ 4-3, thus it is not AP.

nth term of Arithmetic Progression

Let a1, a2, a3, . . . be an AP whose first term a1 is a and the common difference is d., thus the AP is Thus a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d,

The first term a1 = a + 0*d = a + (1 – 1) d

The second term a2 = a + d = a + (2 – 1) d

The third term a3 = a + 2d = a + (3 – 1) d

The fourth term a4 = a + 3d = a + (4 – 1) d

. . . . . . . .

Looking at the pattern, we can say that the nth term an = a + (n – 1) d.

So, the nth term an of the AP with first term ‘a’ and common difference d is given by an = a + (n – 1) d.

an is also called the general term of the AP

Example 1: Find the 10th term of the AP : 2, 7, 12, . . .

Solution: Here, a = 2, d = 7 – 2 = 5 and n = 10.

We have an = a + (n – 1) d

So, a10 = 2 + (10 – 1) × 5 = 2 + 45 = 47

Therefore, the 10th term of the given AP is 47.

Example 2: Determine the AP whose 3rd term is 5 and the 7th term is 9.

Solution: a3 = a + (3 – 1) d = a + 2d = 5    --(i)

a7 = a + (7 – 1) d = a + 6d = 9                       --(ii)

Solving the pair of linear equations (i) and (ii), we get a = 3, d = 1

Hence, the required AP is 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 . . .

Example 3 : Check whether 301 is a term of the list of numbers 5, 11, 17, 23, . . .

Solution:  d= a2– a­ = 6 & a=5

Let 301 be a term, say, the nth term of this AP.

an = a + (n – 1) d

or 301 = 5 + (n – 1) × 6

301 = 6n – 1

Or   n = 302/6 which is a fraction. Thus 301 is not in the series.

Sum of first n terms of Arithmetic Progression

Suppose a person gets a salary of 1000 Rs & an increment of 100Rs every month. We want to know how much salary the person has drawn in 10 months. For this we need to find sum of first 10 terms of this AP with a=1000 & d=100.

sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by S = n/2 [2a + (n – 1) d]

We can also write this as S = n/2 [a + a + (n – 1) d]    = n/2 (a + an )

In the case above, n=10, a=1000, d= 100,

So, S = 10/2 [2*1000 + (10-1)*100]    = 5*[2000+900] = 14500.

sum of first n positive integers is given by Sn = n(n +1)/2

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2.  Internet Applications

Q .1 Select correct alternative from the given alternatives (Two correct answers)

(1)    Integral parts of forum are user group and post.

(a)Admiration section              (b) teacher

(c)User group                           (d)post

(2)   Types of VOIP are VOLP Adapters and VoIP phones.

(a)VOIP Adapters                     (b) Broad Band

(c)Computer to internet             (d) VOIP phones

                       

Q.2 Write true or false.

(1)The cost of product in E-commerce is more than that of traditional commerce.

Ans . False.

(2)VOLP stands for voice internet protocol

Ans. False.

 (3)E-commerce stands for Electronic commerce.

Ans. True.

 (4) EDI stands for electronic Data internet .

Ans. False.

 (5) Internet banking can be called E-banking

Ans. True.

(6)ATM stands for any time money.

Ans. False.

Q.3    Answer the following.

(1)Define blog and explain various type of blog.

Ans. The term blog is formed from  weblog. It is a personal diary space of a user at a website to chronicle articles  ideas and opinions. A blog is set up like a conventional website,  bat with ne stand.  And characteristic : the posting.  Blog posting are text entries which include posting date, similar  to diary or journal. But appear in reverse chronological order i.e. the most recent post appears first.  Postings are often short and frequently  updated.  Visitors to blog site  are free to view and comment on the posts.  A blog may include news, facts, digital media, links to other web articles and comments by visitors.

TYPES OF BLOGS :

(1)Personal Blogs :  This traditional and most common types of blog is an ongoing diary or commentary by an individual, usually to reflect on life or works of art.

(2)Business Blogs : These are of two types (1)  Organizational Blogs, Which are used internally within an organization to enhance inter organizational communication and (2) Corporate blogs, which are used externally for marketing purposes.

Q. 2 Write down the steps to create a blog.

Ans. An HTML editor can be used to create blogs and send them to a web server using FTP. 

Alternatively, there are many free online blog software (or blog wares) to create and post blogs. e.g. Blogger, Word Press, Type Pad, Drupal, etc.

      Steps to create and post blogs using goole1`s Blogger are as follows:

(1)   Log on to the Internet and go to the free blogging website, http: //www.blogger.com.

(2)   If you  have a Google Account, sign in with your Google email ID and password, and

Click the `Sign In` button Else, click the `SIGN UP’ button to create a new Google Account.

                        If you are creating a new Google Account you will be asked to fill your name, use

            Name, password, date of birth and the CAPTCHA image displayed.

(3)   On the next page, chose between a Google+  profile or a limited profile. And people to your circles whom you want to follow and finally your photograph.

(4)    On the next page (called the Blogger Dashboard), click on the `NEW blog` button.

(5)   In the window that opens, enter a title and address (URL) for your blog.  The 

Address could be the blog title itself if it a single word and if it has not been already used by someone else.

      

Choose a template; you can change the template and customize your blog later.

(6)   Click the `Create blog!` button.

(7)   On the next page, you will see the title of your newly created blog with the message, ``Your Blog has been created!  Start posting/Dismiss``

(8)   Click on the `Start posting` link, or the `Create new post` button to compose. Preview your post, save, publish and close the composing window.  Click the `View blog` button to view it.Q.3.How the google is used?

Ans-> Google is a search engine. A search engine is something you use to find information. For example if you are looking for a florist to buy flowers. You might type florist into google and see what comes up. You can than refine the search for florists in your area or that might specialize in orchids.

Q.4.Explain E-Commerce.

Ans-> E-commerce is a modern business methodology that is associated with buying, selling and exchanging product, services and information over computer network including the Internet.

Three technologies of ecommerce are E-market, Electronic Data Interchange and internet commerce.

Q.5 .Explain EDI and highlight its benefits.

Ans-> Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the direct electronic computer-to-computer transfer of business transaction data in standardized formats between the trading partners over a private network, a value added network (VAN) or Internet.

EDI requires 1- EDI Standards, 2- EDI software, 3- VAN or Internet and 4- Trading partners or community.

EDI is commonly used in the execution and settlement phases of a trade cycle to create multiple transactions sets.

Q.6. Explain the advantage and disadvantage of VoIP.

Ans-> Advantages of VoIP.

1-      Internet access, Video, voice and data communication can be used at the same time through a singe device and over same network.

2-      VoIP services are available while traveling via an Internet connection or Wi- fi.

3-      Preferred communication option for users because of an affordable.

4-      Companies can send voice and data cheaply.

Disadvantage of Voip.

1-      Risk of hacking and Spam voicemails.

2-      Call may be disconnected if the internet connection goes down.

3-      During power outage communication is not possible.

Q.7. Define forum and its structure.

Ans-> An Internet forum is a website where people discuss in  the form of posted messages. Activities of forum include answering questions, helping others with tips, and discussing a topic. These conversations are saved for others to read, respond and keep the topics active.

Structure of a forum.

A forum consists of tree like directory structure of categories, sub-forums, topic and posts. Under each category, there are sub forums and these sub forums can have more sub-forums. The topic commonly called threads, come under the lowest level of the forum. Under topics, members can start their discussions or posts, governed by a group called moderators.

Q.8. Explain how blogs can be used in education system.

Ans -> A blog created for educational purposes is called an edublog.

Uses of edublogs.

1-      Edublogs are good supporting tool for students and teachers to learn and teach with an higher order thinking.

2-      Teachers are sharing educational information among their community.

3-      Edublogs can be used as an instructional resources.

4-      Teachers blog can also be used to post class announcements, home assignment and class expectations.

Edublogs are exploring ideas, techniques and tool for a wide range of educational purposes.

9) How will you find specific place routs by using Google Earth Wiki mapia?

Ans-> To find a specific  routes/directions using Google earth or Google maps.

1-      Go to appropriate website and click on the ‘Get directions’ Button on the left pane.

2-      In the two boxes  A and B, enter the starting location in box A and destination in Box B.

3-      Click on the ‘GET DIRECTION’ button below. The right window will show the road map with the road route highlighted.

10) Explain e-market.

Ans-> Electronic market (e-market) is inter-organization information system that facilitates both buyers and sellers to communicate product offers, prices, payment and services using computer networks, Internet and other digital technologies.

Q.4. Answer  the following questions.

1)      How is forum different from web application?

Ans->

Forum	Blog
1.      A forum is not a personal like a blog and may be created by a company or an organization for public relation or by individual for earning online.	1.      A blog is more personal belonging to one individual.
2.      A forum like a bulletin board for discussion and consist of posted messages.	2.  A blog consist of short article on specific topic , issues or events in the life of the blogger
3.      A forum discussion consists short comments by general public.	3.  A blog is like a personal dairy where the blogger posts one’s thought an open ions, which everyone can read and leave their comments on.
4. A forum offers memberships to person who would like to participate in discussions/debates.	4. A blog being a more personal space there is no question of memebership.

2) Explain the trade cycles of e-commerce.

Ans->

A trade cycle consist of four phases.

1- Pre-sales : Finding a supplier and agreeing the terms

2- Execution : Selecting/Ordering goods and taking delivery.

3-Settlement :  Invoicing and payment. In consumer-to-business e-commerce, payments are usually done along with the ordering of goods or by cash on delivery.

4- After sales : Following up complaints, and providing maintenance or other support as specified in terms of supply.

3) Write a short note on maps and navigation.

Ans-> One can navigate e-maps  in two dimensions using the mouse or keyboard.

Mouse:

Click and drag the map, or click on the appropriate arrows on the pan control to move the view north, south, east or west.

To zoom – 1-Use the mouse scroll button forward to zoom in , or backward to zoom out that location.2- Click ‘+’ or ‘-‘ on the zoom control, or drag zoom slider up and down.3- Double click the location.

Keyboard :

1- Press up/down/right /left arrows keys to move north/south/east/west respectively.

2- Press the ‘+’ key or the ‘-‘  key on the numerical keypad to zoom in or zoom out.

4) Explain E Governance.

Ans- E-Governance is the technology –driven government system which enables citizens to access government information and service by visiting the appropriate website on the internet.

E-government is the use of ICTs for delivering relevant government information and services efficiently and transparently to citizens, business and other arms of government for a wider participation in a representative democracy.

E –government service delivery modals are Government to Citizen(G2C),Government to Business (G2B), Government to employees(GE) and Government to Government (G2G).

5) Explain E maps in Brief.

Ans-> an electronic map  (e-map) or digital map is an interactive computerized geographical map with zooming, root planning and navigational facilities. Some popular e-maps are Google earth, Google maps and Wikipedia.

An e-map allow user to search, to upload photos and mark places and add description. E-maps are very useful to find out roots when you are travelling.

6) Explain map layers in brief.

Ans-> (1) Traffic layers – It shows the current traffic condition on the arterial roads. Fast moving traffic is shown in green colour, while extremely slow moving traffic show in red. It is updated every few minutes.

(2) Photo layers- shows thumb nails photos taken at locations around the world. One can click on a photo to see its larger version.

(3) Labels layers- Shows street, city and boundary names.

(4) Weather layer – Shows weather conditions and forecast around the world.

(5) We cam layer – Shows live images taken in the last hour from  web cams around the world.

(6) Transit layer- Shows the public transport network of a city.

(7) Terrain layer – shows the geographical and topographical details in the map view.

(8) Wikipedia layer – Lets one explore an area through geographically based Wikipedia articles.

(9) 45^o Imagery provides 45o perspective view for certain location in each of the cardinal directions.(North, South, East, West).